![]() Standing Medical Advisory Committee ( 16) recommended that pre-conceptual carrier diagnosis for the conditions should be encouraged, and that antenatal and neonatal screening should be universal in districts where >15% of the population is from ethnic minorities. Despite recent improvements, people with these conditions suffer considerable morbidity ( 9 34 15) and have a shorter life expectancy ( 57 33 40) than the general population. The haemoglobinopathies (thalassaemias and sickle cell disease) are found in many populations and parts of the world originally associated with malarial endemicity and are among the commonest inherited disorders in North-West Europe as a result of migration ( 17 51). The long-term solution to monitoring changes in the rates of trait and disease in the population is to introduce a standardized instrument for collecting ethnicity for all community screening programmes. These are the first evidence-based rates for sickle cell and β thalassaemia for use in the U.K., and should underpin the future planning of services. Allowing for termination, about 140–175 (0.22–0.) affected infants are born annually with SCD and from 10 to 25 (0.02–0.) with β thalassaemia major/intermedia. ![]() conceptions) affected by sickle cell disease (SCD) and 43 (0.) by β thalassaemia major/intermedia. In England approximately 3000 affected babies (0.47%) carry sickle cell trait and 2800 (0.44%) carry β thalassaemia trait annually with approximately 178 (0. These were validated against six community screening programmes, with the estimated range correctly predicting the number of affected births observed by the programmes. A range of estimates for sickle cell and β thalassaemia have been derived for the different ethnic groups living in the U.K., reflecting uncertainty over the true population value in certain countries and the heterogeneity within and between countries of origin comprising the same ethnic group.
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